12/11資組心得筆記

MARC源起
進入正題之前, 有必要先瞭解機讀編目格式的源起, 在變動迅速的電腦及通訊世界裡, 機讀編目
格式能夠屹立三十多年, 而且看不出有任何動搖的跡象, 實在不簡單。
通常以美國國會圖館依機讀編目格式先導計畫, 製出第一筆機讀書目記錄, 當成機讀編目格式的
起點 ─ 1966年10月Avram。
該先導計畫的目標是, 找出標準化的機器可讀書目記錄格式, 然後把資料發送給其他的單位, 在
單機上讀取。經過修訂後的格式, 就是大家熟知的 MARC II, 現在的 USMARC 就是以此為基準
Avram68。
大約同時, 英國國家書目也正進行機讀編目格式的研究, 與美國國會圖書館洽商後, 確信兩機構
之間有交換書目記錄的必要及可能性。雖然編目用語免不了各說各話, 計算字元位置的方式各
不相同, 規定標點符號的發生方式等, 都有些歧異之處, 經過協調後, 整體來說, 兩國之間的機讀
編目格式, 算是大體相容的Long。
很快的, 法國、德國、義大利、加拿大、澳洲等國, 陸續跟進, 發展自己的機讀編目格式, 雖然都
想要保持彼此之間的相容性, 但是基於各國的書目特性及國情所需, 終究愈行愈遠。以加拿大而
言, 對雙語標目及主題的絕對需求, 顯然超過其他國家的想像Cana。
1986年的資料顯示, 已有21個國家圖書館將國家書目以機讀編目格式發行磁帶Inte, 大約有14種
不同的規格。到了1995年, 至少有60個國家的國家圖書館發行該國的磁帶機讀編目格式; 其中,
一半採用 USMARC 格式, 四分之一採用 UNIMARC 格式, 其它的四分之一採用 UK MARC、
MAB、InterMARC等格式。





今天教授為我們提到各種進位法的使用，有很同學在高國中的時候就已經有上過了，可能是中南部北上的原因，之前並沒有涉略到，面對到新的東西還好先前計算機概論這堂課已經有提到，但老師的教法使我更了解了。

12/4上課心得筆記

上週隨堂考試跟上上週上課的重點筆記

1.2010年5月ISBD Review Group 的中國籍委員是誰?
顧犇(Ben Gu) ， 在National Library of China服務

2.2010年ISBD適用的資源
The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) specifies the requirements for the description and identification of the most common types of published resources that are likely to appear in library collections. The ISBD also assigns an order to the elements of the description and specifies a system of punctuation for the description.
The provisions of the ISBD relate first to bibliographic records produced by national bibliographic agencies and second to bibliographic records produced by other cataloguing agencies.
The types of resources covered by the ISBD include the following:
cartographic resources
electronic resources
moving images
multimedia resources
notated music resources
printed texts
sound recordings
still images
It is anticipated that national or international committees responsible for preparing codes of cataloguing rules will use the ISBD as the basis for their rules on description of library materials, to describe all aspects of each resource, including its content, its carrier, its medium, and its mode of issuance.
The ISBD is also concerned with resources for use by the visually impaired (e.g. in eye-readable form or in embossed form), and includes those published for limited distribution or for sale on demand.

3.2010年ISBD的目標
The primary purpose of the ISBD is to provide the stipulations for compatible descriptive cataloguing worldwide in order to aid the international exchange of bibliographic records between national bibliographic agencies and throughout the international library and information community.
By specifying the elements that comprise a bibliographic description and by prescribing the order in which those elements should be presented, and secondarily the punctuation by which they should be separated, the ISBD aims to:


1.make records from different sources interchangeable, so that records produced in one country can be easily accepted in library catalogues or other bibliographic lists in any other country;
不同來源的書目紀錄得以互相交換，一個國家的圖書館目錄或是其他書目紀錄能輕易的被另一個國家接受。
2.assist in the interpretation of records across language barriers, so that records produced for users of one language can be interpreted by users of other languages;
協助書目紀錄的翻譯，以跨越語文的障礙，使一個語言可以被轉為其他語言。
3.assist in the conversion of bibliographic records to electronic form;
協助傳統形式的書目紀錄轉換成電子形式。
4.enhance interoperability with other content standards.
增進與其他內容標準的互通性。

4.何謂正題名?
The title proper is the first element of the area even when it is preceded on the prescribed source of information by statements of responsibility, edition statements, series statements, publication/distribution statements, date, price or other matter that is not title proper information.

5.何謂著者敘述?
A statement of responsibility consists of one or more names, phrases, or groups of characters relating to the identification and/or function of any persons or corporate bodies responsible for or contributing to the creation or realisation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work contained in the resource described.

11/27資組心得筆記

無法重製的符號(通常既不是數字也不是字母), 可以用文字說明或相當的字母或字詞。這種替代內容置於方括弧內, 必要時, 在附註項說明。

如: / by [E.B.C.]
    附註: 著者的縮寫以音符表示。

one or more names, phrases or groups of characters relating to the identification and/or function of any 

persons or corporate bodies responsible for or contributing to the creation or realisation of the intellectual 

or artistic content of a work. Statements of responsibility may occur in conjunction with titles (e.g. the 

title proper, parallel titles, titles of individual works contained in the resource, titles in series/subseries 

statements) or in conjunction with edition statements 

課堂一開始的隨堂測驗的題目分別為1981年ISBD的建立目標與ISBD建立目標，正是上周的功課筆記。我竟然把兩題搞錯成一題，還好有在老師課堂上就把它弄懂了。